What Did Homer Want To Say In Odyssey - Free Essay Example

In The Odyssey Homer presents an ideal that is rather counterintuitive to that echoed by his surrounding society. Homer proposed a radical new interpretation of caste systems that suggests that morality lies with those who reside on the bottom of the system. Through the epic, Homer empowers small, negligible characters in the name of assisting Odysseus. In parallel, he strives to dehumanize the suitors, constantly portraying them as filthy, ravaging pigs. We also see a more direct approach deployed by Homer, one that carries personal significance to him. As a bard himself, Homer always remained at the lower end of the caste system within his own society. This inspired him to take action, using his craft he carefully constructed an epic infused with propaganda. Miniscule interjections, ones that may seem out of place, now appear to carry an ulterior motive, as Homer constantly reiterates the integral role that his class exhibits. One overarching example of his self-empowerment is be seen in the events that succeed the slaughter of the suitors. As Odysseus hunts for all left who plot against his throne, he is met with Phemius, the suitors designated bard. In this instance, Homer contorts logic and allows the bard to liberate Telemachus mind, and sways him to go against his own father. Following Phemius pleas, Telemachus bursts to the bards defense, he attests Stop, dont cut him down! This ones innocent. (Page 450 or 22.376). In this passage Homer conveys that Phemius, a mere bard can break the rock-hard will of the great Odysseus with a swift motion of words. He uses his convincing words to claim that he has always been loyal to Odysseus. Eumaeus, the swineherd, displays sterling dedication to his master Odysseus, both in true and disguised form. As Odysseus continues to adjudicate his loyalty to the throne, Eumaeus attests his allegiance not only to the throne, but also to his fellow classmen. During his probe, Odysseus receives the same respect from Eumaeus that he received from many of the kings he encountered on his exploits before. By enacting so, Homer subtly hints that Eumaeus could rival even a kings expression of Xenia, that too without all the luxuries of one. Another lower-class figure who carries similarities to royalty is Eurycleia. She is seen as a mother figure to both Odysseus and Telemachus, yet effectively embodies both roles. As Penelope neglects her son in grief, Eurycleia volunteers to bare him as her own, as she did once his father. On page 406 or 19.495-19.496 Odysseus queries Nurse, you want to kill me? You suckled me yourself at your own breast-and now Im home at last, therefore, implying Eury cleia raised him as her own. Despite his hubris, Homer recognized his audience, and catered to them accurately. Since a significant amount of Homers target audience consisted of affluent visionaries, he cleverly contorted the way he pushed his narrative. Not all lower-class people were portrayed as above the rich, many stuck in their place as uneducated low-lives. An exemplary embodiment of this is the pugnacious behavior expressed by Irus, the beggar. When he confronts the Odysseus, he enters with an overwhelming amount of pompous. He too is a beggar like Odysseus, yet his nonsensical arrogance prompts him to provoke his fellow classman. After insulting Odysseus, he is met with a backlash, in response he rapidly escalates his tone Well, Ive got a knock-out blow in store for him. Belt up-so the lords can see us fight it out. (Page 376 or 18.33-18.37). During the events proceeding the suitors galvanize Irus to fight. Ironically, Odysseus swiftly put the suitors to rest by pummeling Irus. The strategy Homer employs to prevent from demeaning the lower-class is ingenious. Another example of this is Melanthius, the goatherd, who heckles Odysseus shamelessly before his demise. While Odysseus and Eumaeus journey to the palace, they encounter Melanthius. He holds equality to Eumaeus, also an animal herder, in social status, but undoubtedly towers over Odysseus, who takes the form of a beggar. What sets Melanthius apart from Eumaeus is his aggressive attitude towards Odysseus. During the presentation of his jeering plethora of insults, he slowly provokes Odysseus to a breaking point. Soon thereafter, he becomes physical, And just as he passed Odysseus the idiot lurched out with a heel and kicked his hip. (Page 361 or 17.256). He fails to knock Odysseus, but that was never the purpose of this excerpt. The language Homer uses to describe Melanthius says enough by itself. By calling him an idiot, that too in third person, he interjects his emotion into the story, yet he adds to layers to his claim to avoid backlash. Some people see his declaration as direct, pertaining to Melanthius foolishness to try to drop Odysseus. Opposingly, his claim can be seen as a mess age to lower-class member as a call to unite rather than fight amongst each other. This second interpretation would also explain the inclusion of his harrowing slaughter with the rest of the suitors. Any and all unruly lower-classmen have one accentuated trait in common, they are strongly linked to the suitors, suggesting the suitors drove them to wrongdoing. The suitors are portrayed as demonic creatures who ravage away at Odysseus goods. However; they take on a much more relevant role only after Odysseus arrives. They treat him with abuse and insult constantly, oblivious to the impending doom that they are soon to face. The most assertive of the suitors is by no doubt Antinous, such is stated by his own comrades, And he incited it all-Antinous-look, the man who drove us all to crime! (Page 441 or 22.50-22.51). During an early altercation we see how Homer strives to set Antinous apart from the rest of the suitors. When he throws a stool at Odysseus in rage for his request of food, he is shunned by his own men, Look Antinous that was a crime, to strike a luckless beggar! (Page 370 or 17.432-17.433). Of those who do sympathize with the royal family, Amphinomus stands out the most. Even Penelope, the woman the suitors plague, was pleased by his presence. He, unlike Eurymachus stood up in a time of tranquility rather than a time of desperation. Unfortunately, news of this well-doing never makes its way to Odysseus, and Amphinomus is killed anyway. What Homer tries to convey here is that loyalty cannot be bought in an instant, it must rather be won over a period. Yet he exclusively lets a loyal suitor die, showing that Odysseus and Homer are diffrent. Using Odysseus allows Homer to contradict himself since he can simply pit one side of the argument onto Odysseus beliefs rather than his own. Homer uses Odysseus divisively to create a contrast of opinion as well as an exemplary model of Homers beliefs. Homer uses Odysseus in any and every way that is convenient, yet the mastery of his craft is that he is able to do so while maintaining the flow of thought. Through an alternative persp ective we see that Odysseus mission was never really about him, it was rather about those he brought along. After the Eumaeus and Eurycleia assisted Odysseus in his pursuit of the throne, they were could rise up from the oppression they once faced from the suitors. Homer only used Odysseus as a match to light the flame of liberation for Eumaeus and Eurycleia. Homer wrote what may seem at a preliminary glance as a simple epic, yet what he hid inside his book did wonders. Just as many of his narrational styles inspired many of the great storytellers of our day, his internal messages also inspired many human rights activists. By uplifting those oppressed in the Odyssey, he gave hope to all those who suffered the demeaning life he had. In The Odyssey Homer argued that the caste system corrupted the minds of those at the top, leaving only the lower-class with any morality.

Analysis Of Basho s Poetry Matsuo Kinsaku And The...

Fike 1 Haley Fike English 102 Mrs. Tesenair 15 March 2017 Imagery in Basho’s Poetry Matsuo Kinsaku, or Basho, is a 17th century Japanese poet known for his haiku and similar haiku variations. He was born in Ueno, Japan in 1644 and died in Osaka, Japan in 1694. Basho was a son of a samurai and intended on becoming one himself until his lord passed away in 1666. Basho’s writing career began after his lord’s death and continued until his own death in 1694. Basho influenced literature the most through his unique haiku (Poetry Foundation). Three of his most famous poems, â€Å"Heat Lightning Streak,† â€Å"The Old Pond,† and â€Å"Ungraciously† illustrate Basho’s style well. Matsuo’s combination of travelling and studies concocted his impeccable haiku form†¦show more content†¦Author Victoria Price accurately describes Matsuo’s style â€Å"The two major aspects of BashÃ… Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s poetic spirit are a high spiritual attainment, on one hand, and a mundane enjoyment of pleasu re in the modern world, on the other. The goal of enlightenment is at the center of spiritual attainment, while enjoyment of the world includes such ideas as plainness and lightness† (Price). Basho’s works vividly illustrate the beauty particularly of Japan and connection between man and nature. â€Å"Heat Lightning Streak†, â€Å"The Old Pond†, and â€Å"Ungraciously† all colorfully paint a picture of nature’s phenomena and compare it to an animal coordinating with it. Similar popular poems by Basho include â€Å"A Bee†, â€Å"A Snowy Morning†, and â€Å"Autumn Moonlight†. These poems all evoke realistic pictures of nature with a meaningful allusion. Basho has an exclusive writing style. His work is primarily identified by the use of imagery and metaphors. Imagery is crucial to poems â€Å"Imagery is the name given to the elements in a poem that spark off the senses,† because it gives life to a poem (The Poetry Ar chive). His works contain a universal message applicable for all or symbolize an occurrence or object. Matsuo’s works often are centered around a Japanese aesthetics sabi, or love of the old (Britannica). Matsuo often uses the basic form for haiku, which is a three line poem with the first Fike 3 line consisting of five syllables, second line with seven syllables, and third line with five

Professionalism in Nursing Essay - 996 Words

A professional is characterized by or conforming to the technical or ethical standards of a profession (2) : exhibiting a courteous, conscientious, and generally businesslike manner in the workplace. Being professional should be a subconscious effort in the fact that it should always be applied. When employees are professional it helps the system run more efficiently and safely. A person must me a certain criteria when being evaluated on professionalism, a person is judged based on the clients; Attitude, Values, Communication techniques, and approachability. Clients who display a committed, dependable attitude will benefit more from work exerted, and overall be rewarded with incentives. Although professionalism may be in the eye of the†¦show more content†¦Nurses must display a knowledge of skills by portraying a functional ability to assess, treat, and prevent illness in the clinical setting. â€Å"The nurses are obliged to gain specialized knowledge, skills and training t hrough the rigorous study of biological, physical and behavioral sciences and then use this knowledge to diagnose and treat patients suffering from different ailments. The patients treated must be under the supervision of skilled medical practitioners and the nurse must be equally directed by the expert medical practitioner. The prevention and management of illnesses, injury and ailments also forms some of the major tasks that have to be carried out by nurses. 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Eating Behaviour and Social Cognitive Theory †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Eating Behaviour and Social Cognitive Theory. Answer: Eating Behaviour: To prevent the different range of the chronic diseases the interventions and understanding is required for both environmental and individual level determinants and hence the traditional approaches of the individual towards management and prevention of the chronic diseases are more in focus with having limited focus on the environmental influences 4. According to the WHO (World Health Organisation), chronic diseases are meant as the main cause for the death around the globe, with increasing pervasiveness across all province and socioeconomic status. The unhealthy diets, dietary patterns, and physical inactivity are considered to be the major cause of the chronic diseases and hence. Certain specific dietary patterns and the food patterns such as increasing the vegetables servings may result in decreasing the risk of chronic diseases 3. Having a good amount of the vegetables in the daily routine plays a significant role and hence adding three serving of the vegetables in the daily dieta ry pattern will help in reducing the risk of the chronic diseases. Vegetables are nutritious containing certain variety of advantageous nutrients. The eating behaviour of the vegetables in a great way is as a result of the social and the environmental factors which results in making the positive food choices with reducing the negative food choices. Having positive attitude to reduce the risk of chronic diseases through eating patterns are health promoting 3. Social Cognitive Theory The Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) is one of the extensive models that are used to develop the basic nutrition educational programs; the theory mainly gives emphasis to common interactions of individual, behaviour, and environment 1. According to the theory, the personal and environmental characteristics influence the behaviour in a great way 4. Outcome expectations are the anticipatory outcomes of the behaviour. An outcome expectation of SCT helps me in identifying that certain events that are happening related to the health care as a result of the eating habits 2. Individuals are to anticipate the different aspects of the situation which behaviour to be performed and hence developed expectations related to the situation and expectations related to the outcome as a result of the behaviour before actually encountering the situation. The outcome expectation results in the anticipatory behaviour to reduce the anxiety and increasing the ability to handle the situation 2. Hence the behavi our of eating three servings of vegetables in a day results to the positive outcome of healthy behaviour. Outcome expectancies are the values that are placed by an individual on the given outcome. Expectancies influences the eating behaviour of an individual in a great way having magnitude, on the quantitative value which can be negative or positive and is generally represented on the continuum from -I to+ I 4. Expectancies control behaviour as per the hedonic principle 2; which is that if all the things are equal than an individual will perform an activity which maximises the positive outcome and minimises the negative outcome. Hence adding the vegetable in the dietary plan prevent certain negative outcomes related to the helath and have the certain functional meaning of improving the health and decreasing the risk of chronic diseases 2. Self-efficacy proves to be beneficial to develop confidence for performing the vegetable dietary habit and hence act as a significant prerequisite for the changing behaviour 5. Self efficacy was found to be modest but statically a significant indicator to change the behaviour of consuming low fat food with increased consumption of the vegetables in the diet 5. Repeating the vegetable eating behaviour in the dietary plan builds the individuals self efficacy through the changing performance expectations of having a helath life free of disease risk 1. Through self efficacy the eating behaviour of vegetables are approached through small steps which were started eating it once in a day then increases to three times to ensure success to attain healthy life. Reciprocal determinism; As per the social cognitive theory behaviour of an individual is dynamic depending on the individual and the environment that in turn influence one another simultaneously. Reciprocal determinism is the continued interaction among the individual characteristic, behaviour, and environment within which the act is performed. Any change in any of the one component in turn has a great implication on the other 1. Hence as per the reciprocal determinism, multiple possibilities is considered for the behaviour changes which include the environment, personal changes, and the skills. The eating behaviour of vegetables is as a result of the changing environment where there is a risk of chronic diseases and to keep physical fir with not gaining weight. Encouragement of vigorous dietary behaviours ought to include hard work to enlarge self-efficacy and outcome expectations for eating nutritious foods 5. Factors influencing your intended eating behaviour: Many factors such as physclogical, environmental, food accessibility, food preferences and cognitive factors in a great way influenced the eating behaviour of an individual. The behaviour of eating vegetable through three servings in a day is the result of the cognitive factors which develops the prediction of health behaviour increasing the intention of eating vegetables in the diet 1. The nutritional knowledge and increasing awareness towards the chronic diseases along with this to have fit body and the environment which helps in identifying the food with high fat and sugar and to avoid such food in the diet. Behavioural factors through which there is an exposure to the nutritional values and hence helped to adapt eating behaviour of vegetables in the diet 3. Merit of these Social Cognitive Theories: The social cognitive theory together in a great way influences the food choices and the choice of the healthy life style of an individual. The theory helps to constructs such nutritional programmes for improving the food choices and decreasing the risk of the chronic disease among the individuals. Elf efficacy self-efficacy and the apparent significance of healthy behaviour, is an imperative mediator of socio-economic disparity in consumption of vegetables 3. References Young Hong M. The Effect of Social Cognitive Theory-Based Interventions on Dietary Behavior within Children. Journal of Nutritional Health Food Science. 2016;4(5):1-9. Winson A. The Demand for Healthy Eating: Supporting a Transformative Food Movement. Rural Sociology. 2010;75(4):584-600. Byrd-Bredbenner C, Abbot J, Cussler E. Relationship of social cognitive theory concepts to mothers' dietary intake and BMI. Maternal Child Nutrition. 2010;7(3):241-252. Doerksen S, McAuley E. Social Cognitive Determinants of Dietary Behavior Change in University Employes. Frontiers in Public Health. 2014;2. Hackman C, Knowlden A. Theory of reasoned action and theory of planned behavior-based dietary interventions in adolescents and young adults: a systematic review. Adolescent Health, Medicine and Therapeutics. 2014;:101.